%% Abstract for: Hereditary and modal closure operators %% with Gabriele Castellini and George E. Strecker We first investigate a symmetrized generalization of the notion of categorical closure operator on an arbitrary class M of morphisms. For this we introduce the concept of Z - modality which presents a common generalization of hereditariness and modality. Applications are indicated concerning the Cassidy-H\'ebert-Kelly Galois connection linking certain pre-factorizations with reflective subcategories of a finitely complete category that has arbitrary intersections of strong monos. In the case that M is part of a factorizations system for sinks and that E is sufficiently well-behaved, we present constructions for Z - modal cores and hulls, and investigate how these constructions interact with closure operators that are weakly hereditary and with those that are idempotent. If E is not well-behaved, but the category is M - well-powered, it is shown that iterative methosd can be used to construct various hulls.